Um conhecimento encarnado e o ensino da psicologia social / An incarnate knowledge and social psychology teaching / Un conocimiento encarnado y la enseñanza de la psicología social

Este artigo tem como objetivo trabalhar com a concepção de "conhecimento encarnado" defendida por Ignácio Martín-Baró, estabelecendo relações entre este conceito e o campo da Psicologia Social. Num primeiro momento, fazemos uma pequena contextualização dos efeitos de uma greve universitária que durou quatro meses, considerando que os principais efeitos que devemos debater são aqueles que estão relacionados às experimentações do espaço educacional, assim como às ressonâncias das narrativas externas ao mundo universitário. Em seguida, mesclamos experiências do cotidiano da universidade com narrativas de diferentes atores sociais sobre a greve e a própria formação, a fim de desenvolver uma teoria analítica das práticas educacionais em Psicologia Social a partir de um diálogo com Ignácio Martín-Baró. Destacamos as três perguntas apresentadas pelo autor para problematizar a história da Psicologia Social: o que nos mantém unidos numa ordem social? O que nos integra à ordem estabelecida? O que nos libera da desordem estabelecida? Entre os diferentes conceitos criados pelo autor, privilegiamos a ideia de conhecimento encarnado, realidade vivida, realidade estudada e ação ideológica.(AU)

This article aims to work with the conception of "incarnate knowledge" defended by Ignácio Martin-Baró establishing relationships between this concept and the field of Social Psychology. At first, we briefly contextualize the effects of a strike in the university environment that lasted four months, considering that the main effects that we should debate are those related to experimentations of the educational space and the resonances of the external narratives in the university world. Then, we blended experiences of the university's quotidian with narratives of different social actors about the strike and the training itself to develop an analytic theory of the educational practices in Social Psychology from a dialog with Ignácio Martin-Baró. We highlight three questions presented by the author to challenge the history of Social Psychology: what holds us together in a social order? What integrates us into the established order? What frees us from the established disorder? Among the different concepts created by the author, we privileged the idea of incarnate knowledge, lived reality, studied reality, and ideological action.(AU)

Este artículo pretende trabajar con la concepción de conocimiento defendida por Ignácio Martín-Baró, estableciendo relaciones entre este conocimiento y el campo de la psicología social. En un primer momento, hacemos una pequeña contextualización de los efectos de una huelga universitaria, que tuvo una duración de cuatro meses, considerando que los principales efectos los cuales debemos debatir son aquellos que están relacionados con las experimentaciones del espacio educacional, así como las resonancias de las narrativas externas al mundo universitario. A continuación, mezclamos experiencias de un cotidiano de la universidad con narrativas de diferentes actores sociales sobre la huelga y la propia formación, con la finalidad de desarrollar una teoría analítica de las prácticas educacionales en la psicología social a partir de un diálogo con Ignácio Martin-Baró. Destacamos las tres preguntas presentadas por el autor para problematizar la historia de la psicología social: ¿Qué nos mantiene unidos en el orden social establecido? ¿Qué nos integra al orden establecido? ¿Qué nos libera del desorden establecido? Entre los diferentes conceptos creados por el autor, privilegiamos la idea de un conocimiento encarnado, realidad vivida, realidad estudiada y acción ideológica.(AU)

Trend of health worker's strike at a Tertiary Health Institution in North Central Nigeria

Objectives: Workers' strike is a global phenomenon since antiquity. In Nigeria, health-care sector has been rocked by series of strikes spanning variable periods with immeasurable losses. Ethical consideration and inter-professional rivalry are the main concern attracting much debate in the health sector. The objectives of the study were to determine the trend of health worker's strike actions, the main agitators, and to make some recommendations. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the labor ward records of the Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2019, duration of 35 years. The data were collated and analyzed using simple percentages and the figures corrected to the nearest decimal point. Results: A total of 42 strike actions, about 2 strikes/year. The trend shows a multi-modal pattern, with the highest peak of 5 strikes in 2004 and 2013. There were cumulatively 58.5 months of strikes out of the 442 months of the period of study, giving a percentage of 13.2%. While doctors had more frequent strikes (52.3%), non-doctors under the umbrella of Joint Health Sector Union and nurse/midwives accounted for over half (58.1%) of the duration of the strikes. The resident doctors are the main agitators of doctors' strike accounting for about half (45.2%) of the total health workers' strikes, while NMA accounted for only 3 (9.4.%). Most strike actions occur at the end of the year, with spill into the first quarter of the following year. Conclusion: Health workers' strike remains a perennial problem. Inter-professional rivalry is a major challenge in the health sector with far reaching implication without immediate government intervention. Addressing challenges in the residency training program will go a long way in reducing doctors' unrest in the health sector

White-Matter Hyperintensities and Lacunar Infarcts Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly in China

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study investigated the contribution of white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunar infarcts (LI) to the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an elderly cohort in China. METHODS: Older adults who were initially cognitively normal were examined with MRI at baseline, and followed for 5 years. WMH were classified as mild, moderate, or severe, and LI were classified into a few LI (1 to 3) or many LI (≥4). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination and the Activities of Daily Living scale. RESULTS: Among the 2,626 subjects, 357 developed AD by the end of the 5-year follow-up period. After adjusting for age and other potential confounders, having only WMH, having only LI, and having both WMH and LI were associated with an increased risk of developing AD compared with having neither WMH nor LI. Moderate and severe WMH were associated with an increased risk of developing AD compared with no WMH. Furthermore, patients with many LI had an increased risk of developing AD compared with no LI. CONCLUSIONS: Having moderate or severe WMH and many LI were associated with an increased risk of developing AD, with this being particularly striking when both WMH and LI were present.

A striking flail chest: a rare manifestation of intestinal disease

No abstract available.

Unilateral cleft lip: evaluation and comparison of treatment outcome with two surgical techniques based on qualitative (subject/guardian and professional) assessment

OBJECTIVES: The outcomes of the treatment of unilateral cleft lip can vary considerably due to variations in repair techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare treatment outcomes of surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip using either the Tennison–Randall or Millard technique based on (qualitative) parent/subject and professional assessments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study conducted at Lagos University Teaching Hospital between January 2013 and July 2014. A total of 56 subjects with unilateral cleft lip presenting for primary surgery who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Subjects were randomly allocated to surgical groups A or B through balloting. Group A underwent cleft repair with the Tennison–Randall technique, while group B underwent cleft repair with the Millard rotation advancement technique. Surgical outcome was assessed using qualitative evaluation by the guardian/subject and independent assessors based on a modified form of the criteria described by Christofides and colleagues. RESULTS: Of the 56 subjects enrolled in this study, 32 were male, with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Fifteen of the guardians/subjects in the Tennison–Randall group were most bothered about the lower part of the residual lip scar, while 12 guardians/subjects in the in the Millard group were most bothered about the upper part of the scar. More noses were judged to be flattened in the Millard group than in the Tennison–Randall group. Assessors observed a striking disparity in scar transgression of the philtral ridges between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Essentially, there were no major difference in the overall results between Millard rotation-advancement and Tennison–Randall repairs. Both Millard and Tennison–Randall's techniques require significant improvements to improve the appearance of the scar on the upper part and lower part of the lip, respectively.

The Measles Strikes Back

No abstract available.

Advanced Treatment and Imaging in Colonoscopy: The Pocket-Creation Method for Complete Resection and Linked Color Imaging for Better Detection of Early Neoplastic Lesions by Colonoscopy

Early detection and resection of neoplastic lesions are key objectives to diminish colorectal cancer mortality. Resection of superficial colorectal neoplasms, cold snare polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection have all been developed and used worldwide. The pocket-creation method facilitates the resection of tumors in difficult and routine locations. Early detection is the most important first step to maximize the benefits of recent advancements in endoscopic techniques. However, the detection of small, flat-shaped, or faded color lesions remains difficult. Linked color imaging, a novel multi-light technology, facilitates the recognition of minor differences in tissue by enhancing the color contrast between early colorectal neoplasms and surrounding normal mucosa in a bright field of view. The most striking feature of linked color imaging is its ability to display the color of early neoplastic lesions as distinct from inflammatory changes, both of which have similar “redness” when viewed using white light imaging. To increase the detection rate of neoplasms, linked color imaging should be used from the outset for endoscopic observation. Early detection of superficial colorectal tumors can result in decreased mortality from colorectal cancer and maintain a good quality of life for patients.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis in the era of immunoglobulin G4-related disease

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by fibroinflammatory tissue in the periaortic or periiliac retroperitoneum, where it frequently encases ureters. There is emerging evidence that a subset of this disease is part of a spectrum of multisystemic autoimmune diseases collectively referred to as “immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease”. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 27 idiopathic RPF patients and identified a subset as IgG4-related RPF, which we categorized according to recently published comprehensive diagnostic criteria. We compared clinical and laboratory characteristics and response to treatment between the two groups. RESULTS: Of 27 total patients, 16 (59.3%) were diagnosed as having IgG4-related RPF, and these were predominantly male. They were also significantly older and more likely to have other organ involvement, hydronephrosis, and postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to those with idiopathic RPF. However, there was no difference in response rate to systemic steroid treatment. CONCLUSION: IgG4-related RPF accounts for a substantial portion of RPF cases previously identified as “idiopathic RPF” in Korea. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of IgG4-related RPF are similar to those of idiopathic RPF except for a striking male predominance, older age, and higher incidence of postrenal AKI in IgG4-related RPF. More comprehensive, prospective studies are needed to clearly distinguish IgG4-related RPF from idiopathic RPF based on clinical manifestation and to further assess treatment response and long-term prognosis.

Conhecimento social em Piaget: um estudo sobre noções de greve / Social knowledge in Piaget: a study of notions of strike / Conocimiento social en Piaget: un estudio sobre nociones de huelga

O estudo investigou a evolução da noção social de greve por meio das significações construídas por alunos de diferentes níveis de escolaridade, tomando-se por base a compreensão de conhecimento social no aporte teórico-metodológico da epistemologia genética. Adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, modalidade estudo exploratório, no qual foram empregados entrevista e desenho, apoiados no método clínico-crítico. A amostra configurou-se com 16 alunos, dois de cada série (2º, 4º, 6º e 8º anos do Ensino Fundamental; 1ª e 3ª séries do Ensino Médio e Ensino Superior (2º e 4º anos do curso de Pedagogia). Os resultados revelaram três níveis de compreensão da realidade social. Indicaram que as relações sociais constituem condição necessária, mas não suficiente para o desenvolvimento das noções sociais e que a escola exerce papel fundamental na formação dos sujeitos oportunizando para além do acesso à informação, a construção do conhecimento social.

The study investigated the evolution of the social notion of strike through the meanings constructed by students of different levels of schooling, based on the understanding of social knowledge in the theoretical-methodological contribution of genetic epistemology. We have adopted the qualitative research, exploratory study modality, in which interview and design used, supported by the clinical-critical method. The sample consisted of 16 students, two in each grade (2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th years of elementary school, 1st and 3rd grades of high school and higher education (2nd and 4th year of Pedagogy course). three levels of understanding of social reality. And they indicated that social relations are necessary but not sufficient condition for the development of social notions, and that the school plays fundamental role in the training of subjects, providing access to information, the construction of social knowledge.

En el presente estudio se investigo la evolución de la noción social de huelga por intermedio de las significaciones construidas por alumnos de diferentes niveles de escolaridad, tomándose por base la comprensión de conocimiento social en el aporte teórico-metodológico de la epistemología genética. Se adoptó la investigación cualitativa, modalidad estudio exploratorio, en el cual se empleó entrevista y diseño, apoyados en el método clínico-crítico. La muestra se configuró con 16 alumnos, dos de cada curso (2º, 4º, 6º y 8º cursos de la Enseñanza Básica; 1ª y 3ª cursos de la Enseñanza Secundaria y Enseñanza Universitaria (2º y 4º años do curso de Pedagogía). Los resultados apuntaron tres niveles de comprensión de la realidad social. Indicaron que las relaciones sociales constituyen condición necesaria, pero no suficiente para el desarrollo de las nociones sociales y que la escuela ejerce papel fundamental en la formación de los sujetos dando oportunidad para más allá del acceso a la información, la construcción del conocimiento social.

"À morte com o sindicato": conflito e emergência de uma greve de jogadores de futebol na Espanha (2011) / "Dying with the union": conflicts and emergence of a football players' strike in Spain (2011) / "La muerte con el sindicato": conflictos y emergencia de la huelga de jugadores de fútbol en España (2011)

Este artigo objetivou descrever e analisar a greve dos jogadores espanhóis de futebol, em 2011, iniciada a partir das orientações sindicais manifestadas em processo anterior e durante o movimento. É fruto de pesquisa documental nos jornais espanhóis El País e Marca, de 2008 a 2013, e notícias do sindicato de jogadores da Espanha. Os documentos foram cotejados a fim da reconstituição da narrativa e análise à luz da ideia de Hyman, da geometria sindical. É mostrado que, após mudança na gestão do sindicato, tentativas foram feitas de mobilização, que gradativamente foram alterando as orientações do sindicato em direção a uma ideologia mais classista, pautada na solidariedade e unidade, mas também integração societal, que possibilitaram a emergência da greve

This article describes and analyzes Spain's 2011 football players' strike under their union's orientation ­ before and during the strike. In order to accomplish this, we conducted documental research on two Spanish newspapers (El País and Marca, from 2008 to 2013) and information provided by the football players' Union. We verified those sources to reconstruct the narrative and analyze it based on Hyman's views on union geometry. Our results suggest that after a change in the union's leadership, attempts at mobilization pointed to a classist ideology based on the concept of solidarity and unity, as well as society integration. The strike emerged in that scenario

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar la huelga de futbolistas españoles del año 2011, de las orientaciones sindicales que se pudieron de manifiesto en el proceso previo y durante el conflicto. Este es el resultado de la investigación documental en el diario español El País y el Marca, 2008-2013, así como la información recabada de la Asociación de Futbolistas Españoles. Los documentos han sido cotejados con el fin de la reconstrucción de la narración y posterior análisis, a la luz de la idea de Hyman de la geometría sindical. Se demuestra que, después de un cambio en la gestión del sindicato, se hicieron intentos de movilización, que fueron cambiando gradualmente las orientaciones del sindicato hacia una ideología más clasista, basada en la solidaridad y la unidad, además de la integración social, lo que hizo posible el nacimiento de la huelga

Takotsubo Syndrome Resulting from Traumatic Multiple Rib Fractures

Takotsubo syndrome, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, is a transient cardiac syndrome that mimics acute coronary syndrome. This condition should be suspected if the patient presents with chest pain after intense emotional stress, accompanied by an abnormal electrocardiogram, elevated levels of myocardial enzymes, and left ventricular apical akinesia on echocardiography. Coronary angiography should be performed for prompt differentiation from ischemic heart disease. A 77-year-old female presented with traumatic multiple fractures of the left sixth and seventh ribs resulting from a violent strike. Clinical findings of physical examination, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and coronary angiography provided the diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome. We performed conservative management including pain control, and the patient was uneventfully discharged seven days after admission.

Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women in Urban and Rural Communities

OBJECTIVES: Menopause is a transitional time in a woman's life leading to both physical and emotional challenges which affects the quality of life (QOL). Average age of menopause is around 48 years but it strikes Indian women at the age of 40 to 45 years. So, menopausal health demands higher priority in Indian as well as global scenario. The present study was conducted to compare the QOL of postmenopausal women residing in urban and rural communities. METHODS: The study adopted quantitative research approach with comparative survey design. The samples were 100 postmenopausal women from rural urban communities selected using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by interview using demographic performa and menopause specific QOL. RESULTS: The mean QOL score (X2 = 27.24) of rural women was higher than the mean QOL score (X1 = 26.34) of urban women. The calculated independent ‘t’ value (t = 0.86; P < 0.05) is lesser than the table value (t 98 = 1.980). There was association between QOL of urban postmenopausal women and monthly income of the family (χ2 = 4.023) was statistically significant at 0.05 levels. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the QOL of postmenopausal women in rural and urban areas. Indian women are ignorant about the changes taking place in their reproductive system. Religion and culture of our society also inhibits to express these changes. Health care professionals have a great role in addressing these issues to prepare women to face the challenges of reproductive health.

Changes in hoof kinetics and kinematics at walk in response to hoof trimming: pressure plate assessment

Appropriate hoof preparation and symmetry are linked to the well-being of the horse. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of pressure plates (PPs) in delivering objective biomechanical analysis. We aimed to assess the effect of hoof trimming on hoof biomechanics using a PP. Nine clinically sound Arabian horses were walked across a PP while foot strike was recorded by a digital camera. Kinetic and kinematic parameters were recorded before and after trimming. Changes were considered significant when p < 0.05. Vertical force (p = 0.026) and contact pressure (p = 0.006) increased after trimming. Stance-phase duration (p = 0.006), swing-phase duration (p = 0.023), and gait-cycle duration (p = 0.007) decreased significantly post-trimming. The observed changes in kinetic and kinematic parameters were related to hoof trimming. The reported results underline the importance of farriery practice and its effect on hoof biomechanics, which should be considered by both farriers and veterinarians.

Does Vertical Ground Reaction Force of the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Joints Change in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis after Spinal Fusion?

STUDY DESIGN: Comparative cross-sectional study. PURPOSE: We measured the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during normal gait in normal patients, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with a Cobb angle 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the vGRF measurements of all the joints among the three groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A Cobb angle < 40° and spinal fusion did not significantly create imbalance or alter vGRF of the lower limb joints in AIS patients.

Afrontamiento, salud mental y felicidad bajo huelga y ocupación universitaria / Enfrentamento, saúde mental e felicidade sob greve e ocupação da universidade / ScriptCoping, mental health and happiness under strike and university occupation

Se identificó la relación entre estrategias de enfrentamiento, salud mental (SM) y felicidad en trabajadores de una universidad en huelga y ocupación estudiantil, de acuerdo con status laboral - académico o administrativo-, grado de concordancia con el movimiento estudiantil y sexo. Ciento sesenta y dos participantes respondieron a la Escala de felicidad subjetiva y estrategias de enfrentamiento, y a la Escala de Goldberg (GHQ12). Obtuvimos y discutimos: 1) el uso del humor está asociado con SM y la felicidad y ésta, a la reevaluación cognitiva, enfrentamiento religioso y bajo enfrentamiento de evitación, 2) mayor malestar por la ocupación - peor SM, 3) no tener acceso a el espacio de trabajo está asociado con peor SM, más con iguales niveles de felicidad que los que tuvieron acceso, 4) el enfrentamiento varía de acuerdo con el status de académico o administrativo y con el sexo, 5) SM y felicidad no varían de acuerdo con el status académico, 6) aquellos que son pro-movimiento estudiantil presentan mejor SM que aquellos que no lo son

Identificamos a relação entre estratégias de enfrentamento, saúde mental (SM) e felicidade em trabalhadores de uma universidade em greve e com ocupação estudantil, de acordo com: o status laboral (acadêmico ou administrativo), o grau de concordância com o movimento estudantil e o sexo. Cento e sessenta e dois participantes responderam à Escala de felicidade subjetiva e estratégias de enfrentamento, e à Escala de Goldberg (GHQ12). Obtivemos e discutimos: 1) o uso de humor está associado à SM e à felicidade e esta, à reavaliação cognitiva, ao enfrentamento religioso e ao baixo enfrentamento de evitação; 2) quanto maior o mal-estar pela ocupação, pior a SM; 3) não ter acesso ao espaço de trabalho está associado com pior SM, mas com iguais níveis de felicidade do que aqueles que tiveram acesso; 4) o enfrentamento varia de acordo com o status de acadêmico ou administrativo e com o sexo; 5) SM e felicidade não variam de acordo com o status acadêmico, 6) aqueles que são pró-movimento estudantil apresentam melhor SM do que aqueles que não são o são

We identify the relationship between coping strategies, mental health (MH) and happiness in university workers during a student's strike-campus occupation, according to the status or role -academic or administrative- , degree of agreement to the social movement claims and gender. One hundred sixty-two participants responded the Coping Strategies and Subjective Happiness Scale, and to the Goldberg GHQ12 Scale. It was obtained and discussed that: 1) the use of humor was related with MH, and this was related to happiness, cognitive reprocessing, religious coping and low avoiding coping; 2) the greater discomfort caused by the occupation of campus the lower MH level; 3) those who had no access to their offices, have worse MH than those who did have access, with equal levels of happiness; 4) coping strategies change according role and gender; 5) there is no differences between role types according to MH or happiness, 6) those who are pro social movement have better MH than those who are not

Understanding of Host Switch and Host Adaptation to the Avian Influenza Viruses

During recent decades, several times of frequent appearance of the “newly emerging or re-emerging” pathogens are posing a great threat to the human populations as well as many other animals. It is well known that most risky groups are viral pathogens. Among them, taking a pose a striking threat to the human is belong to the influenza A viruses (IAVs). Influenza or flu is a wide spread zoonotic disease caused by influenza A virus, which has their ultimate origin from avian reservoirs and may stably adapt, either directly or after several passages thru another mammalian species of host, to human populations. Novel human-adapted IAVs have emerged to cause pandemics several times in the last 100 years. Typical avian influenza A viruses are restricted from replicating efficiently and causing disease in humans. Mechanisms by which viruses evolve in one host, cause host switch, and adapt to a new host species from wild aquatic waterfowl to mammalian species including human, remain to be elucidated. Here, some insights into the mechanisms of IAV's host switch and their adaptation and viral virulence factors associated with a novel virus in human are briefly reviewed.

Learning styles and strategies preferences of Iranian medical students in gross anatomy courses and their correlations with gender / 대한해부학회지

The learning approaches can help anatomy teachers design a suitable curriculum in harmony with their students' learning styles. The research objective is to evaluate gross anatomy learning styles and strategies preferences of Iranian medical students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS). This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out on 237 Iranian medical students. The students answered questions on approaches to learning anatomy and expressed opinions about learning anatomy in medical curriculum. The data were analyzed to disclose statistically significant differences between male and female students. Iranian male and female students were interested in learning anatomy using notes, plastic models, pictures and diagrams, clinical context, dissection and prosection of cadavers; however, they rarely used cross-sectional images and web-based resources. Both groups of medical students used region and system in learning anatomy. However, there existed some striking differences, particularly in having difficulty in studying anatomy using cadaveric specimens, using books alone, and learning it in small groups. Male students were less interested in learning with cadavers than female counterparts. However, female students were more interested in learning anatomy in small groups. This study suggests that instructors should design gross anatomy curriculum based on limitations of using dissection of cadaver in Iranian universities, emphasis on the applied anatomy, and learning of gross anatomy in small groups.

The presence of sharp-edged weapon related cut mark in Joseon skull discovered at the 16th century market district of Old Seoul City ruins in South Korea / 대한해부학회지

A human skull was discovered at the 16th-century drainage channel of market district ruins, one of the busiest streets in the capital of Joseon kingdom. By anthropological examination, we noticed the cut mark at the right occipital part of the cranium. Judging from the wound property, it might have been caused by a strong strike using a sharp-edged weapon. As no periosteal reaction or healing signs were observed at the cut mark, he might have died shortly after the skull wound was made. We speculated that this might have been of a civilian or soldier victim who died in a battle or the decapitated head of prisoner. This is the first report about the discovery of the skull damaged by sharp-edged weapon at the archaeological sites in the capital city of Joseon Kingdom.